Model Validation:
Validations are used for ensure that
the expected data is valid and correct so that we can change according to requirement.
Validate in action method: We can validate model in action method. We can check the
values of properties of the model object and register any errors we find with
the ModelState property.
We can check to see whether the
model binder was able to assign a value to a property by using the
ModelState.IsValidField method. We do this make sure that the model binder was
able to parse the value the user submitted; so that can perform additional
checks.
Example:
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(model. Email))
{
ModelState.AddModelError("Email", "Please
enter your Email");
}
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
//send
model for further processing
}
ValidationSummary: The validation summary displays the error messages that we
registered with the ModelState in our action method. There are a number of
overloaded versions of the ValidationSummary method.
|
Method
|
Description
|
|
Html.ValidationSummary()
|
Generates a summary for all
validation errors.
|
|
Html.ValidationSummary(bool)
|
If the bool parameter is true,
then only model-level errors are displayed. If the parameter is
false, then all errors are shown.
|
|
Html.ValidationSummary(string)
|
Displays a message before a
summary of all the validation errors.
|
|
Html.ValidationSummary(bool,string)
|
Displays a message before the
validation errors. If the bool parameter is true, only model-level errors
will be shown.
|
ValidationMessage: The Html.ValidationMessageFor helper displays validation
errors for a single model property.
@Html.ValidationMessageFor(t => t.Email)
Validation in the Model Binder: The default model binder performs validation as part of the
binding process. The model binder performs some basic validation for each of the
properties in the model object. If value has not been supplied or value that
cannot be parsed into the model property type. DefaultModelBinder, provides us
with some useful methods that we can override to add validation to a binder.
Find detail in below table.
|
Method Name
|
Description
|
Default Implementation
|
|
OnModelUpdated
|
Called when the binder has tried
to assign values to all of the properties in the model object. Model level
validation.
|
Applies the validation rules
defined by the model metadata and registers any errors with ModelState.
|
|
SetProperty
|
Called when the binder wants to
apply a value to a specific property. Property level validation
|
Required or not valid message will
show.
|
Data Annotations: The MVC Framework supports the use of metadata to express
model validation rules. We can easily add validation to our application by
including Data Annotations namespace and use attributes to our model classes.
Data Annotations allow us to describe the rules we want applied to our model
properties, and ASP.NET MVC will take care of enforcing them and displaying
appropriate messages to our users. There is number of attribute classes which
inherits validation attribute class, use to manage different types of
validation.
Some of important build in data annotation attributes are:
- Required – Indicates that the property is a required field
- DisplayName – Defines the text we want used on form fields and validation messages
- StringLength – Defines a maximum length for a string field
- Range – Gives a maximum and minimum value for a numeric field
- RegularExpression – Validate input value as per defined regular expression
- Compare – Two property must have same value.
Custom validation class: We can also
create custom validation attribute by deriving from the ValidationAttribute
class and implementing our own validation logic. We can override the IsValid
method of the base class, this method get called by binder while passing value
provided by user as the parameter.
Example:
public override bool IsValid(object value)
{
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(Convert.ToString(value)))
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
[IsEmailReq(ErrorMessage
= "Email is Required")]
public string Email { get; set; }
Model Validation Attribute: We can
also create a custom attribute at model level instead of property level. Model
validator attribute will use only if property-level attributes does not
register a validation error. We must apply a model validation attribute to the
model class itself.
Example:
public class IsEmailReqAttribute:
ValidationAttribute
{
public RegisterValidatorAttribute()
{
ErrorMessage = "Please enter valid email";
}
public override bool IsValid(object
value)
{
RegisterModel model = value as RegisterModel;
if (model.Email.Contains("test") || model.Email.Contains("test.com"))
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
[IsEmailReq]
public class RegisterModel
Client-Side Validation: In web application user expect immediately validation,
without having to submit data to the server. This is client site validation and
usually we implement JavaScript for this. This allow user to correct data
before sending to the server for further processing.
The MVC Framework supports
unobtrusive client-side validation. The term unobtrusive means that validation
rules are expressed using attributes added to the HTML elements that we
generate. These are interpreted by a JavaScript library that is included as
part of the MVC Framework, which uses the attribute values to configure the
jQuery Validation library, which does the actual validation work. There are few
advantages using this approach.
- We do not have to include client-side validation logic into our views
- If JavaScript disabled in browser then server side validation will fire in same manner.
- Mitigate the effect of browser inconsistencies and behaviors.
Enable/Disable Client validation: Developer can enable and disable client side validation by setting in web.config. By default it’s enabled.
<appSettings>
<add key="ClientValidationEnabled"
value="true"/>
<add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true"/>
</appSettings>
Both of these settings must be true
for client-side validation to work. We can also set value programmatically like
in global.asax page application start method.
protected void Application_Start()
{
HtmlHelper.ClientValidationEnabled
= true;
HtmlHelper.UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled
= true;
}
We can enable or disable client-side
validation for individual views as well by setting above value in view page.
In addition to the configuration
settings, we must references three specific JavaScript libraries.
<script
src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery-1.5.1.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script
src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script
src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
After all above setting client side
validation will start to work based on applied metadata attributes in model
properties such as Required, Range, Regular Expression and String Length.
Client side validation works faster
and also perform validation on key stroke like key press or focus change.
In MVC Framework validation rules
are expressed using HTML attributes. MVC client-side validation is that the
same attributes we use to specify validation rules are applied at the client
and at the server.
Example:
Without validation attribute:
public string Email { get; set; }
Output:
<input
id="Email"
name="Email"
value=""
type="text">
With validation attribute:
[Required]
public string Email { get; set;
Output:
<input
id="Email"
name="Email"
value=""
type="text"
data-val-required="The
Email is required." data-val="true">
Note: The MVC client-validation
features are built on top of the jQuery Validation library; developer can use
the Validation library directly and ignore the MVC features if required. The
MVC client-validation features hide the JavaScript, and they have the advantage
of taking effect for both client- and server-side validation.
Example:
<script
type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function
()
{
$('form').validate({
errorLabelContainer: '#validtionSummary',
wrapper: 'li',
rules: {
Email: {
required: true,
}
},
messages: {
Email: "Please enter your Email"
}
});
});
</script>
The jQuery Validation library
supports some more complex validation rules like email, url, date, number,
digits and credit card or we can create new rules.
Creating attributes for client-side
validation: To enable client-side validation, we must implement the
IClientValidatable in model attribute class. We can create custom validation
attributes that work in the same way as the built-in ones and that trigger
client- and server-side validation.
The interface defines one method,
GetClientValidationRules, which returns an enumeration of
ModelClientValidationRule objects.
Each ModelClientValidationRule object describes the client-side validation rule
that we want to apply, the error message to display when the rule is broken,
and any parameters that the rule needs to operate.
Example:
Example to create a new rule called
checkboxmusttrue to ensure that a checkbox is checked.
Developer has to add custom jQuery
validation rule to unobtrusive adaptor.
<script
type="text/javascript">
jQuery.validator.unobtrusive.adapters.add("checkboxmusttrue",
function (options) {
if (options.element.tagName.toUpperCase() == "INPUT" &&
options.element.type.toUpperCase() == "CHECKBOX") {
options.rules["required"] = true;
if (options.message) {
options.messages["required"] =
options.message;
}
}
});
</script>
public class MustBeTrueAttribute
: ValidationAttribute, IClientValidatable
{
public override bool IsValid(object
value)
{
return value is
bool && (bool)value;
}
public IEnumerable<ModelClientValidationRule>
GetClientValidationRules(ModelMetadata
metadata, ControllerContext context)
{
return new ModelClientValidationRule[] { new ModelClientValidationRule
{
ValidationType = "checkboxmusttrue",
ErrorMessage = this.ErrorMessage
}};
}
}
Source:MSDN and some other blogs.
